1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ajdabiya, Ajdabiya, Libya.
2 Dentistry Faculty, Department of Oral Microbiology, Benghazi University, Libya.
3 Higher Institute of Comprehensive Profession Slouuk Libya.
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2025, 16(02), 668-673
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2025.16.2.2224
Received on 18 June 2025; revised on 09 August; accepted on 12 August 2025
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global threat to public health. The increasing prevalence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial agents necessitates a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms, contributing factors, and potential mitigation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bacterial resistance mechanisms, focusing on the biochemical and genetic basis of resistance to various classes of antimicrobials. It explores the factors driving the emergence and spread of AMR, including antibiotic overuse, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressures. Finally, the review delves into strategies for combating AMR, encompassing antimicrobial stewardship, development of novel antimicrobials, and alternative therapeutic approaches.
Antimicrobial resistance; Antibiotic resistance; Bacteria; Resistance mechanisms; Antimicrobial stewardship; Horizontal gene transfer
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Yousef S.Sawikr, Mifthah S. Najem and Ameerah Aqeelah Abubaker. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2025, 16(02), 668-673. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.16.2.2224.
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
