A brief review on the electrical properties of organic phthalocyanine thin films

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are a class of organic semiconductors with unique electronic, optical, and chemical properties. Their inherent stability and adaptability render them fundamental constituents in a diverse array of electronic and optoelectronic apparatuses. This review explores the direct current (D.C.) electrical properties of phthalocyanine thin films, covering structural aspects, deposition methods, temperature effects, charge transport models, and potential device applications. The impact of dopants, film thickness, and substrate type are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on recent advancements in understanding the relationship between structure and conductivity, supported by theoretical models and experimental data. Insights into device performance, challenges, and future directions are also presented.