Evaluating energy resilience and its greenhouse gas effect: A pathway towards sustainable energy transition in Morocco

A robust and resilient energy infrastructure can efficiently ensure regular production and green RandD operations, which have an unpredictable Moroccan greenhouse effect. To accurately investigate the potential impact of energy resilience on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, we first develop an energy resilience composite index based on three components (energy access, renewable energy, and energy efficiency) using cross-sectional data from Morocco in 2020. To investigate the internal impact mechanism in the energy resilience-CO₂ nexus, we divide the entire effect of energy resilience on CO₂ emissions into three categories: scale effect, technical effect, and composition effect. The key findings of this study indicate that: (1) enhanced energy resilience in Morocco correlates positively with CO₂ emissions, and three components of energy resilience namely energy access, renewable energy, and energy efficiency contribute to an increase in the greenhouse effect; (2) the relationship between strong energy resilience and CO₂ emissions exhibits significant asymmetric and heterogeneous characteristics; and (3) the positive link between energy resilience and CO₂ emissions arises because the negative technical and composition effects of energy resilience on emissions are entirely counterbalanced by a substantial positive scale effect. Based on these conclusions, we put forward several policy recommendations aimed at reinforcing energy resilience while mitigating the greenhouse effect.