Evaluating the impact of peripheral intravenous cannulation on chemotherapy administration in oncology patients: A comprehensive study on complication rates and patient comfort

Background: Peripheral intravenous (PIV) cannulation is a key route for chemotherapy delivery, particularly in patients not requiring central venous access. Cannula gauge selection affects complication rates, patient comfort, and treatment continuity, but oncology-specific evidence remains limited.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of different cannula gauges on complication rates, patient comfort and satisfaction, and to identify factors influencing multiple cannulation attempts in oncology chemotherapy administration.

Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy via PIV cannulation at Apollo Cancer Centre, Teynampet (March–May 2025). Data were collected using a structured checklist and validated tools, including the INS Phlebitis & Infiltration Scales, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale for comfort. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and correlation analyses were applied.

Results: Of 315 patients, 97.5% received a 22-G cannula, with a first-attempt success rate of 95.2%. Complications were rare (1%), including swelling (0.6%) and redness (0.3%). Patient-reported outcomes showed high satisfaction (87.6% very satisfied) and comfort (80% very comfortable). Older patients were more likely to require multiple cannulation attempts. A weak negative correlation was found between smaller gauge size and satisfaction (rₛ = –0.12, p = 0.045), while comfort levels showed no significant association with gauge size (rₛ = 0.08, p = 0.21).

Conclusion: The findings support the 22G cannula as the preferred choice for most oncology chemotherapy administrations, ensuring safety, comfort, and minimal complications. Tailored approaches remain important for patients with challenging venous access or high infusion requirements.