Quantitative measurement of concentration of glucose in whole blood of teaching staff, non-teaching staff and postgraduate students and their data analysis category wise and classification wise

Blood sugar level: The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, blood glucose level, or glycemia is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood. The body tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. Glucose that is not circulating in the blood is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen; in fasting individuals, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level by releasing just enough glucose from these glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle in order to maintain homeostasis. Glucose can be transported from the intestines or liver to other tissues in the body via the bloodstream. Cellular glucose uptake is primarily regulated by insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas. Once inside the cell, the glucose can now act as an energy source as it undergoes the process of glycolysis. There are two ways of measuring blood glucose levels: In the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries (Australia, Canada, India, etc.) and ex-USSR countries molar concentration, measured in mmol/L (millimoles per litre). In the United States, Germany, Japan and many other countries mass concentration is measured in mg/dl (milligrams per decilitre).

High blood sugar (Hyperglycemia): If blood sugar levels remain too high the body suppresses appetite over the short term. Long-term hyperglycemia causes many health problems including heart disease, cancer, eye, kidney, and nerve damage. The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes. When diabetes is the cause, physicians typically recommend an anti-diabetic medication as treatment. From the perspective of the majority of patients, treatment with an old, well-understood diabetes drug such as metformin will be the safest, most effective, least expensive, and most comfortable route to managing the condition. Treatment will vary for the distinct forms of Diabetes and can differ from person to person based on how they are reacting to treatment. Diet changes and exercise implementation may also be part of a treatment plan for diabetes. Some medications may cause a rise in blood sugars of diabetics, such as steroid medications, including cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, prednisone, and dexamethasone.

Low blood sugar (Hypoglycemia): When the blood sugar level is below 70 mg/dL, this is referred to as having low blood sugar. Low blood sugar is very frequent among type 1 diabetics. There are several causes of low blood sugar, including, taking an excessive amount of insulin, not consuming enough carbohydrates, drinking alcohol, spending time at a high elevation, puberty, and menstruation. If blood sugar levels drop too low, a potentially fatal condition called hypoglycemia develops. Symptoms may include lethargy, impaired mental functioning; irritability; shaking, twitching, weakness in arm and leg muscles; pale complexion; sweating; loss of consciousness.

Glucose measurement: In the past to measure blood glucose it was necessary to take a blood sample, but since 2015 it has also been possible to use a continuous glucose monitor, which involves an electrode placed under the skin. Glucose testing in a fasting individual shows comparable levels of glucose in arterial, venous, and capillary blood. But following meals, capillary and arterial blood glucose levels can be significantly higher than venous levels. 

Two major methods have been used to measure glucose. The first, still in use in some places, is a chemical method exploiting the nonspecific reducing property of glucose in a reaction with an indicator substance that changes color when reduced. Since other blood compounds also have reducing properties, this technique can produce erroneous readings in some situations. The more recent technique, using enzymes specific to glucose, is less susceptible to this kind of error. The two most common employed enzymes are glucose oxidase and hexokinase. Average blood glucose concentrations can also be measured. This method measures the level of glycated hemoglobin, which is representative of the average blood glucose levels over the last, approximately, 120 days.

In either case, the chemical system is commonly contained on a test strip which is inserted into a meter, and then has a blood sample applied. Test-strip shapes and their exact chemical composition vary between meter systems and cannot be interchanged. More precise blood glucose measurements are performed in a medical laboratory, using hexokinase, glucose oxidase, or glucose dehydrogenase enzymes.

Present Paper deals with quantitative measurement of concentration of glucose in whole blood of 112 Teaching Staff, Non-Teaching Staff and Postgraduate Students of Brijlal Biyani Science College, Amravati. And their data analysis has been done on category wise and classification wise.Quantitative measurement of concentration of glucose in whole blood of 112 Teaching Staff, Non-Teaching Staff and Postgraduate Students is done on 25th April 2024 from 7 am to 6 pm. For measurement of Blood Glucose, Dr MorepenGluco One Blood Glucose Monitoring System Model: BG-03 is used. Glucose in the blood sample reacts with glucose oxidase (GOD) on the test strip and a harmless DC electrical current is produced. This current is measured by the Dr MorepenGluco One Blood Glucose Monitoring System and is displayed as blood glucose result. The strength of these currents changes with the amount of glucose in the blood sample. Gluco One automatically interprets this reaction.