Balancing Legal Certainty and Moral Justice in Indonesia’s Justice Collaborator Mechanism

This study examines Indonesia’s justice collaborator mechanism as a policy instrument balancing legal certainty and moral justice within the criminal justice system. Using a normative juridical and qualitative approach, it analyzes statutory regulations, judicial practices, and comparative models such as Italy’s pentiti and the U.S. cooperation framework. Findings show that Indonesia’s fragmented legal framework scattered across the Witness and Victim Protection Law, Supreme Court Circulars, and KPK guidelines undermines predictability and moral coherence. The paper argues that codification, judicial accountability, and moral proportionality are essential to harmonize efficiency with fairness. Strengthening institutional oversight through a unified legal framework and ethical safeguards would transform the justice collaborator policy into a transparent, credible, and morally grounded component of Indonesia’s criminal justice reform.