The effect of pranayama on dyspnea and fatigue in third trimester of pregnancy

Background: Dyspnea and fatigue are common physiological complaints during the third trimester of pregnancy due to hormonal, cardiovascular, and respiratory adaptations. These symptoms can significantly affect maternal comfort, functional capacity, and quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions such as pranayama have been suggested to improve respiratory efficiency and reduce perceived exertion and fatigue, yet scientific evidence in pregnant populations remains limited. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of pranayama on dyspnea and fatigue in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. 

Methodology: An Experimental study design was conducted on 30 pregnant women in their third trimester who met the inclusion criteria. Baseline assessment of dyspnea and fatigue was performed using the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale and Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) Scale, respectively. Participants underwent a structured pranayama program for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests to compare pre- and post-intervention scores. 

Results: The results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in dyspnea scores measured by Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale and fatigue levels measured by the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale following 6 weeks of pranayama intervention. This indicates an improvement in respiratory comfort and a reduction in overall fatigue among third-trimester pregnant women. 

Conclusion: The study concludes that pranayama is an effective and safe intervention for reducing dyspnea and fatigue in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Incorporation of pranayama into routine antenatal physiotherapy programs may enhance maternal well-being and functional tolerance.