Phytochemical Profiling and Pharmacological Evaluation of Caesalpinia Bonducella Seed Extracts

In this work, aqueous and methanolic solvents are used to examine the phytochemical makeup and pharmacological potential of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extract. Long acknowledged for their therapeutic value, traditional medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani have shown that this plant, especially its seeds, have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties. Qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts verified the presence of bioactive substances such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, Quinone, and saponins. With a total cash value of 10.3% and an acid- insoluble ash content of 1.8%, physicochemical analyses demonstrated good mineral content and purity. FTIR spectral analysis confirmed the existence of flavonoids, glycosides, and fatty acids by identifying functional groups typical of hydroxyls, amines, alkanes, carbonyls, and aromatic compounds Strong absorbance was detected by UV-visible spectroscopy in the 200–310 nm range, especially for methanolic extracts. This corresponds to the π→π* and n→π* transitions, which are frequently linked to flavonoid and phenolic compounds. In vivo studies confirmed immunomodulatory action by increased neutrophil adherence and antibody response, while biological evaluations revealed a variety of therapeutic potentials, including anti- inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. Both the ethnopharmacological use of C. Bonducella and its potential for development into standardized herbal formulations with broad-spectrum medicinal applications are supported by these findings.