A comparative analysis of the Perseverance and Mangalyaan Mars Missions

This paper presents a comparative analysis of NASA’s Perseverance rover and ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), examining their technological innovations, mission objectives, and scientific contributions to Mars exploration. While Perseverance is designed to explore the astrobiological potential of Mars, collecting rock and soil samples for future return missions, Mangalyaan focuses on cost-effective orbital studies of Mars’ atmosphere and surface. The study highlights significant differences in mission budgets, with NASA’s high-cost Perseverance contrasted by ISRO’s low-cost Mangalyaan. Despite these differences, both missions have expanded humanity's understanding of Mars, making notable contributions to planetary science and space technology.