A descriptive analysis of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Gorontalo: cultural, health, and legal perspectives

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (P2GP) remains a deeply ingrained practice in many parts of Indonesia, particularly in Gorontalo, where it is strongly tied to cultural and religious beliefs. The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence, cultural significance, health risks, and legal responses to P2GP in Gorontalo. This research utilizes a qualitative descriptive approach, combining literature review, document analysis, interviews with local communities, healthcare providers, and traditional practitioners, as well as policy analysis.The study reveals that P2GP in Gorontalo continues to be practiced despite the legal ban, with significant cultural and religious justifications for its continuation. The practice is perceived as essential for maintaining purity, moral integrity, and ensuring marriageability. However, the health risks associated with P2GP, including immediate complications such as infection and long-term issues like infertility and psychological trauma, remain significant. While medicalization has been proposed as a solution, it does not eliminate the inherent risks, and resistance to abandoning the practice remains prevalent, particularly in rural areas.The findings suggest that government policies aimed at banning P2GP face challenges due to deeply rooted cultural beliefs. The study emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive educational approaches and more comprehensive training for healthcare providers to address the health implications. The research contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of tradition, health, and law and suggests areas for future research on culturally appropriate interventions and social change.