Digital technology adoption, sustainability, and well construction delivery in oil and gas industry: Critical review of digital technology

The integration of digital technologies in the oil and gas sector is reshaping the sustainability and efficiency of well construction operations. This review critically examines the role of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, cloud computing, digital twins, and the Internet of Things (IoT) in optimizing planning, drilling, and completion processes. By leveraging these technologies, companies can enhance resource utilization, improve decision-making, and align operations with sustainability goals. The study identifies significant challenges to adoption, including high implementation costs, regulatory uncertainties, and workforce upskilling requirements. Drawing on case studies and current literature, the findings reveal that digital transformation not only boosts operational efficiency but also supports environmental stewardship and economic resilience. This paper provides actionable insights for industry stakeholders seeking to achieve sustainable well construction through strategic digital technology integration.