Exercise induced asthma: An overview

Variable expiratory airflow limitation and persistent airway inflammation are features of asthma, a respiratory disease that is common throughout the world. Respiratory disorders are very prevalent among top athletes, affecting 20% to 70% of participants in particular sports. Performance is impacted by the common problem of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). The incidence varies according to genetics, training, and sport. Ironically, exercise can improve pulmonary function even while it aggravates asthma. The phenotypes of asthma in athletes vary, which makes management difficult. Increased airway sensitivity, exposure to allergens, pollution, and temperature fluctuations are some of the distinctive features. This review explores the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of EIB in athletes. 

Objective testing is necessary to diagnose EIB in athletes because baseline lung function tests may show normal findings. Tests for bronchoprovocation and exercise offer accurate diagnosis. Although bronchodilation and spirometry testing are routine, provocation tests are becoming more and more important. Despite obstacles, the best diagnosis is essential for efficient treatment, which enhances quality of life and performance. Managing EIB is in line with basic guidelines for preventing and controlling symptoms and minimizing consequences. Warming up, avoiding triggers, and non-pharmacological methods are crucial. Athletes with asthma benefit greatly from inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), which discourage the use of short-acting beta agonists alone. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) and mast cell stabilizing drugs (MCSAs) are probably good choices. Effective management enables athletes to pursue competitive sports and improves their quality of life.