Upadacitinib: A targeted therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-lasting autoimmune condition that leads to persistent joint inflammation, causing pain, disability, and a notable decline in quality of life. For those patients who don’t see much improvement with standard treatments or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as a valuable alternative. One such medication, upadacitinib, specifically targets JAK1 and has already received approval for conditions like severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and, more recently, for RA.This review seeks to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib in treating severe atopic dermatitis, while also providing insights into its application for RA. Out of the 242 studies initially found, 214 were excluded after a review of their titles and abstracts. Full-text evaluations were performed on the remaining 25 studies, with 17 meeting the criteria for inclusion in the analysis.The findings from these real-world studies consistently indicate that upadacitinib is highly effective, resulting in significant improvements in both clinical signs and patient-reported symptoms. The drug's advantages were particularly clear in patients who had not responded to earlier treatments. Importantly, no new or unexpected safety issues were identified, further reinforcing its positive safety profile, which aligns with the outcomes of randomized clinical trials.