1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria.
2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria.
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria.
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2025, 16(03), 564–573
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2025.16.3.2575
Received on 01 August 2025; revised on 07 September 2025; accepted on 10 September 2025
Background: In low-resource settings, oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) remain the mainstay of therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study examined prescribing patterns, adherence, and glycemic outcomes in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective observational study reviewed 138 randomly selected patient case notes and prescriptions from January 2023 to December 2024 at the medicine outpatient department of a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Outcomes included HbA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS) at baseline and follow-up. Chi-square tests compared categorical variables, and Pearson correlation analyzed continuous relationships (α = .05).
Results: Combination therapy was predominant, with triple therapy (metformin + sulfonylurea + DPP-4 inhibitor) most common (38.4%). FBS improved significantly at follow-up (χ² = 6.284, p = .012). Adherence was associated with glycemic outcomes (χ² = 7.829, p = .019). A strong correlation existed between duration of OAD use and duration of diabetes (r = 0.903, p < .001), with a modest correlation between baseline and follow-up HbA1c (r = 0.203, p = .017). Mean HbA1c decreased from 12.59% (SD = 3.40) to 10.87% (SD = 3.08; p = .001).
Conclusion: OADs were associated with improved FBS and modest HbA1c reductions. Baseline HbA1c predicts follow-up values, and adherence is a key determinant of outcomes. Enhanced monitoring and adherence support are recommended.
Oral; Antidiabetic; Drugs; Glycemic; Outcome; Adherence
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Iyaeneomi Ransome Daka, Joachim Omojaide Odigie, Hope Delesi Kagbo and Ibitrokoemi Korubo. Assessment of oral antidiabetic drugs use and outcomes in T2DM Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2025, 16(03), 564–573. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.16.3.2575.
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
