Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among orthopedic patients in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital, rivers state, Nigeria

Low Back Pain (LBP) is known as the most common musculoskeletal disorder affecting the general population with a high incidence rate among the active population. It has also been recognized as one of the major causes of decreased efficiency and well-being in the working populace, with the consequent financial, medical, and socioeconomic implications affecting individuals, employers, organizations and the society at large. Low Back Pain has been reported most extensively among all occupational musculoskeletal disorders identified in literature. This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and gender-based differences in LBP among patients in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Rivers State, Nigeria. The study utilized a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 384 male and female patients. Participants were selected through simple random sampling and met the inclusion criteria of being 18 years and above, excluding those with congenital spinal deformities or severe illness. Data was collected using structured questionnaires segmented into three parts. The prevalence of LBP was found to be 62%, with higher rates among males (75.6%) than females (56%). Key risk factors identified included overweight/obesity (OR = 6.094), prolonged standing (OR =3.334), and frequent heavy lifting (OR = 5.200). The study also highlighted gender differences in the adoption of preventive measures, with females more likely to engage in behaviors such as maintaining good posture and avoiding heavy lifting thereby reflecting the societal norm where women are more likely to engage in health seeking behaviors. Ethical clearance certificate was obtained from the appropriate authorities.