1 Department of Cardiology of Joseph Raseta University Hospital Befelatanana, Antananarivo Madagascar.
2 Department of Cardiovascular diseases and internal medicine of Soavinandriana Hospital center, Antananarivo Madagascar.
3 Department of Cardiology of Joseph Raseta University Hospital Befelatanana, Antananarivo Madagascar.
4 Department of Cardiology, Mahavoky Atsimo University Hospital, Mahajanga Madagascar.
5 Cardiological Intensive Care Unit, Befelatanana University Hospital, Antananarivo Madagascar.
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2025, 16(01), 946-950
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2025.16.1.2049
Received on 30 May 2025; revised on 08 July 2025; accepted on 10 July 2025
Introduction: Atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD) is a congenital heart malformation characterized by a variable degree of atrial and ventricular septal defect [1] . Anatomically, there are partial, complete and intermediate forms [2] . This first Malagasy study was designed to describe its epidemio -clinical aspects in children with AVCD and to determine the factors influencing the prognosis but also to serve as a database of AVCD in Madagascar.
Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of 20 years on 98 patients with AVCD seen at the Soavinandriana Hospital Center (CENHOSOA) Antananarivo.
Results: We found that AVCD represented 4.70% of congenital heart diseases observed with a mean age of discovery of 29.24 months and a male predominance (sex ratio of 1.61). The complete form represented 84.54% of cases. Trisomy-21 was found in 46.39% of patients. Atrial septal defect (ASD) (12.37%) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (8.25%) were the main associated cardiac malformations followed by transposition of the great vessels (8.25%). Signs of heart failure were present in 27.83% of cases and 34.02% had pulmonary hypertension (PH) of which 11.34% had Eisenmenger syndrome. In this study, age of discovery more than 12 months was associated with the onset of PH and Eisenmenger syndrome (p = 0.03 and 0.01). Non-trisomy patients tend to present with heart failure and PH (p = 0.02 and 0.01).
Conclusion: Cardiovascular exploration is required in all infants with Down syndrome and those who present signs
of CAV. Delayed diagnosis remains the main factor in poor prognosis of CAV in Madagascar.
Atrioventricular Canal; Echocardiography; Epidemiology; Prognosis; Screenig
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Herimasy Mahenintsoa ANDRIAMAHALAZA, Rija Mikhaël MIANDRISOA, Alda RANDRIANTSOA, Narindrarimanana Avisoa RANDRIAMIHANGY, Solofonirina RAKOTOARIMANANA and Nirina RABEARIVONY. Epidemio-clinical and echographic aspects of the atrio -ventricular canal in Madagascar. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2025, 16(01), 946-950. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.16.1.2049.
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
