Immunity for a Lifetime: Unravelling the long-term impact of neonatal immunization

Because immunization offers early protection against infectious diseases that can be fatal, neonatal vaccination is essential for preserving long-term health. Vaccines given during the first few months of infancy stimulate the developing immune system, which aids in the formation of immunological memory and lifetime immunity. Beyond the advantages for the individual, newborn vaccinations have a major impact on population health through herd immunity, which lowers the spread of disease and supports efforts to eradicate it. Neonatal vaccination's long-term effects, however, also take into account antibody persistence, the requirement for booster shots, and possible links to autoimmune diseases or compromised immune responses. The long-term impacts of neonatal vaccination are examined in this review, with particular attention paid to the advantages, disadvantages, and implications for future studies and public health regulations.