Socio-economic characteristics and disability patterns among persons with traffic-related disabilities in Southwestern Nigeria

Traffic-related disabilities (TRD) constitute a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. While existing studies have largely emphasized the prevalence and consequences of traffic-related disabilities (TRD), limited attention has been paid to the socio-economic profiles of persons with TRD (PWTRD) and the specific nature of their disabilities. This study examines the socio-economic characteristics of PWTRD and categorizes TRD types in Southwestern Nigeria. Underpinned by the concept of socioeconomic status, the study employed a cross-sectional survey design, administering structured questionnaires to 421 post-crash victims selected from four tertiary hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive analysis indicates that respondents were predominantly male (62.7%), with a mean age of 36.9 ± 15.46 years and an average monthly income of ₦54,206.65 ± 27,213.05. Most respondents had tertiary education (46.3%), were married (52.7%), and lived in rented accommodation (66.7%). The major TRD types identified were amputation (35.4%), spinal cord injury (30.0%), and hearing impairment (12.8%), with disabilities classified as partial (64.6%) or complete (35.4%). Gender-specific patterns were observed, as males experienced higher rates of fractures and eye defects than females. A chi-square test revealed a significant difference in TRD types across age groups (χ² = 20.27, df = 3, p < 0.001), with working-age adults (20–59 years) most affected. The study concludes that traffic-related disabilities greatly affect economically active males, undermining household sustainable living and economic productivity, and recommends integrated road safety measures, strengthened rehabilitation services, and targeted socio-economic support for high-risk working-age populations.