A study on the effects of prolonged correction of historical imbalances in South Africa

This study critically examines the long-term effects and sociopolitical ramifications of South Africa's post-apartheid, corrective policies that have been in place for three decades. The study uses a qualitative, systematic literature review (SLR) design to evaluate academic, policy, and institutional sources from 1994 to 2025, all within the framework of constructivism and interpretivism. Following PRISMA guidelines, a purposive sample of 85 academic publications and policy documents was selected from well-known databases such as SABINET, Web of Science, and Scopus. In addition to document analysis of national transformation strategies and socio-economic evaluations, data collection involved a thorough review of peer-reviewed literature. With the aid of Atlas.ti software, analytical procedures adhered to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework, which made it possible to identify recurring patterns, conceptual conflicts, and important gaps in the literature. Despite the fact that there has been a noticeable improvement in access to education, public services, and representative institutions, the results are still uneven and frequently tainted by elite capture, symbolic compliance, and enduring structural disparities. Furthermore, ideological differences point to the need for reevaluated frameworks that go beyond essentialist dichotomies, especially in relation to the ongoing use of racial categorization.

The study calls for equity frameworks grounded in intersectionality, local implementation, and inclusive policymaking. It emphasizes the need to build institutional capacity and empower communities. These reforms aim to ensure redress is historically accountable, socially sustainable, and democratically sound.