National critical infrastructure protection via supply chain security in the United States of America

The protection of critical infrastructure in the United States is vital for ensuring national security, economic stability, and public safety. As sectors such as energy, transportation, water, and communications become increasingly reliant on globalized supply chains, vulnerabilities to cyberattacks, natural disasters, and geopolitical tensions have heightened. This study examines the role of secure supply chain practices, including vendor screening, technology integration, and adherence to regulatory frameworks, in mitigating risks to critical infrastructure. Through content and thematic analysis of secondary data, this research identifies key security measures, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and real-time monitoring, which enhance the resilience of supply chains. The study highlights the importance of cybersecurity, intermodal coordination, and geopolitical risk management in safeguarding infrastructure. Case studies, particularly the 2021 Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, emphasize the need for proactive security measures, such as continuous monitoring, regular cybersecurity assessments, and improved stakeholder collaboration. The study provides strategic recommendations for strengthening supply chain security, including prioritizing vendor screening, adopting advanced technologies, enhancing intermodal coordination, and diversifying supply networks to mitigate geopolitical risks. These measures are essential for reinforcing the resilience, efficiency, and continuity of critical infrastructure in the face of evolving threats.