Impact of window and door openings on carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and energy consumption during the heating season in bedrooms

The study investigates the interplay between ventilation, CO₂ concentrations, indoor temperatures, and energy consumption in residential bedrooms during the heating season in Dhaka. Using a mixed-methods approach, including post-occupancy surveys, field measurements, and window and door opening ventilation strategies, the research analyzes the impact of window configurations, behavioral practices, and natural ventilation on indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Key findings reveal significant reductions in CO₂ levels with optimized ventilation practices, improved indoor temperatures, and enhanced energy efficiency. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating sustainable ventilation strategies in urban residential design to balance air quality, occupant comfort, and energy consumption. Recommendations are proposed for optimizing ventilation in resource-constrained tropical climates.