Determining the role of Gynaecologists in peri-operative oral functional management (POFM) of Pre-eclampsia: A cross-sectional survey

Background and objectives: Pre-eclampsia affects 5–15% of pregnancies in India, significantly contributing to maternal morbidity and mortality. Research by Swetha Tanneeru et al. identified periodontal microbial components in subgingival plaque and placental tissue, linking periodontitis as a key risk factor for pre-eclampsia. Managing patients with Peri-operative Oral Functional Management (POFM) reduces microbial loads, emphasizing oral health's role in mitigating pre-eclampsia risks. Identifying periodontal disease and considering POFM reduces microbial load. With this hypothesis we aimed to assess knowledge of periodontal disease as a risk factor among gynaecologists in pre-eclampsia. 

Methods: A Google-based questionnaire survey was distributed to gynaecologists in Kalaburagi, targeting professionals irrespective of experience or institution type. The 17-question survey assessed knowledge of periodontal disease's role in pre-eclampsia, attitudes toward periodontal care and willingness to collaborate with dental specialists. 

Results: SPSS analysis revealed 45% of gynaecologists were aware of pre-eclampsia prevalence, with 52.1% recognizing its association with periodontal infections. However, only 35.6% were informed about POFM's role. Encouragingly, 98.6% supported interdisciplinary collaboration with periodontists. 

Conclusion: The study highlights gaps in knowledge and practices regarding periodontal care in pre-eclampsia management. Periodontal health is vital in preventing complications like preterm low birth weight and developmental deformities. Gynaecologists acknowledged the importance of integrating periodontal care and supported its prioritization through referrals to periodontists. The findings underscore the need for multicentric studies and educational initiatives to promote POFM and interdisciplinary approaches, potentially reducing maternal morbidity and mortality associated with pre-eclampsia.